The itching and burning caused by hemorrhoids can make it
difficult to sit still. How can you ease the discomfort and fight flare-ups? According to
research or other evidence, the following self-care steps may be helpful:
- Choose foods with fiber
- Eat more whole grains, bran, and vegetables, or take fiber
supplements such as psyllium—along with plenty of fluids—to ease the passage of
stools
- Try a topical astringent
- Relieve hemorrhoid symptoms by frequently applying a product that
contains witch hazel
- Get relief from flavonoids
- Reduce symptoms with a daily dose of healthful flavonoids; take
1,000 to 2,000 mg of hydroxyethylrutosides or diosmin, or take horse chestnut extract
containing 90 to 150 mg of aescin
These recommendations are not comprehensive and are not intended to replace
the advice of your doctor or pharmacist. Continue reading the full hemorrhoids article for
more in-depth, fully-referenced information on medicines, vitamins, herbs, and dietary and
lifestyle changes that may be helpful.
About hemorrhoids
Hemorrhoids are enlarged raised veins in the anus or rectum.
Common hemorrhoids are often linked to both
diarrhea and constipation.1
Although the belief that hemorrhoids are caused by constipation has been questioned by
researchers,2 most doctors feel that many hemorrhoids are triggered by the
straining that accompanies chronic constipation.3 Therefore, natural approaches to
hemorrhoids sometimes focus on overcoming constipation.
Product ratings for
hemorrhoids
What are the symptoms?
Symptoms of hemorrhoids may include painful swelling or a lump in the anus that can bleed
and become inflamed, often causing discomfort and itching. There may also be bright red blood
on the toilet paper, the stool, or in the toilet bowl.
Medical options
Over-the-counter products used to treat hemorrhoids include the use of rectal suppositories
(Anusol®), stool softeners (Colace®, Surfak®), topical preparations
(Anusol-HC®, Preparation H®), and medicated wipes (Tucks®).
Prescription medications are available as creams, ointments, and suppositories. The hydrocortisone (Anusol-HC®,
Proctocort®, Proctofoam-HC®) contained in these products reduces inflammation,
itching, and swelling.
Surgical treatment may be recommended for hemorrhoids that become very enlarged, protrude
from the anus (prolapse), bleed frequently, or contain blood clots (thrombosis). Common
procedures include freezing the affected tissue (cryotherapy), injecting chemicals into the
hemorrhoid to shrink it (sclerosing solutions), surgically removing the hemorrhoid
(hemorrhoidectomy), or placing rubber bands around the hemorrhoid for removal (ligation).
Dietary changes that may be helpful
Populations in which fiber intake is high
have a very low incidence of hemorrhoids. Insoluble fiber—the kind found primarily in whole grains and vegetables—increases the bulk of stool. Drinking
water with a high-fiber meal or a fiber
supplement results in softer, bulkier stools, which can move more easily. As a result, many
doctors recommend fiber in combination with increased intake of liquids for people with
hemorrhoids. A review of seven placebo-controlled trials concluded that fiber supplementation
has a beneficial effect on symptoms and bleeding in people with hemorrhoids.4
Vitamins that may be helpful
A number of flavonoids have been shown to
have anti-inflammatory effects and/or to strengthen blood vessels. These effects could, in
theory, be beneficial for people with hemorrhoids. Most,5 6 7
8 but not all,9 double-blind trials using a group of semisynthetic
flavonoids (hydroxyethylrutosides derived from rutin) have demonstrated significant
improvements in itching, bleeding, and other symptoms associated with hemorrhoids when people
used supplements of 600–4,000 mg per day.
Other trials have evaluated Daflon, a product containing the food-derived flavonoids
diosmin (90%) and hesperidin (10%). An uncontrolled trial reported that Daflon produced
symptom relief in two-thirds of pregnant women
with hemorrhoids.10 Double-blind trials have produced conflicting results about the
effects of Daflon in people with hemorrhoids.11 12 Amounts of flavonoids
used in Daflon trials ranged from 1,000 to 3,000 mg per day. Diosmin and hesperidin are
available separately as dietary supplements.
Some doctors recommend flavonoid supplements for people with hemorrhoids. However, many
different flavonoids occur in food and supplements, and additional research is needed to
determine which flavonoids are most effective against hemorrhoids.
Are there any side effects or interactions?
Refer to the individual supplement for information about any side effects or interactions.
Herbs that may be helpful
Constipation is believed to worsen
hemorrhoid symptoms, and thus, bulk-forming fibers are often recommended for those with
hemorrhoids. A double-blind trial reported that 7 grams of psyllium, an herb high in fiber, taken three times
daily reduced the pain and bleeding associated with hemorrhoids.13 Some healthcare
professionals recommend taking two tablespoons of psyllium seeds or 1 teaspoon of psyllium
husks two or three times per day mixed with water or juice. It is important to maintain adequate fluid
intake while using psyllium.
Topically applied astringent herbs have been used traditionally as a treatment for
hemorrhoids. A leading astringent herb for topical use is witch hazel,14 which is typically applied
to hemorrhoids three or four times per day in an ointment base.
Horse chestnut extracts have been reported
from a double-blind trial to reduce symptoms of hemorrhoids.15 Some doctors
recommend taking horse chestnut seed extracts standardized for aescin (also known as escin)
content (16–21%), or an isolated aescin preparation, providing 90 to 150 mg of aescin
per day.
Are there any side effects or interactions?
Refer to the individual herb for information about any side effects or interactions.
References:1. Johanson JF, Sonnenberg A. Constipation is not a risk factor for
hemorrhoids: a case-control study of potential etiological agents. Am J Gastroenterol
1994;89:1981–6.
2. Johanson JF, Sonnenberg A. The prevalence of hemorrhoids and chronic
constipation. Gastroenterology 1990;98:380–6.
3. Deutsch AA, Kaufman Z, Reiss R. Hemorrhoids: a plea for nonsurgical
treatment. Isr J Med Sci 1980;16:649–54.
4. Alonso-Coello P, Mills E, Heels-Ansdell D, et al. Fiber for the
treatment of hemorrhoids complications: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J
Gastroenterol 2006;101:181–8.
5. Sinnatamby CS. The treatment of hemorrhoids. Role of
hydroxyethylrutosides, troxerutin (Paroven; Varmoid; Venoruton). Clin Trials J
1973;2:45–50.
6. Clyne MB, Freeling P, Ginsborg S. Troxerutin in the treatment of
haemorrhoids. Practitioner 1967;198:420–3.
7. Annoni F, Boccasanta P, Chiurazzi D, et al. Treatment of acute
symptoms of hemorrhoid disease with high-dose oral O-(beta-hydroxyethyl)-rutosides.
Minerva Med 1986;77:1663–8 [in Italian].
8. Wijayanegara H, Mose JC, Achmad L, et al. A clinical trial of
hydroxyethylrutosides in the treatment of haemorrhoids of pregnancy. J Int Med Res
1992;20:54–60.
9. Thorp RH, Hughes ESR. A clinical trial of trihydroxyethylrutoside
(“Varemoid”) in the treatment of hemorrhoids. Med J Aust
1970;2:1076–8.
10. Buckshee K, Takkar D, Aggarwal N. Micronized flavonoid therapy in
internal hemorrhoids of pregnancy. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 1997;57:145–51.
11. Cospite M. Double-blind, placebo-controlled evaluation of clinical
activity and safety of Daflon 500 mg in the treatment of acute hemorrhoids. Angiology
1994;45:566–73.
12. Thanapongsathorn W, Vajrabukka T. Clinical trial of oral diosmin
(Daflon) in the treatment of hemorrhoids. Dis Colon Rectum 1992;35:1085–8.
13. Moesgaard F, Nielsen ML, Hansen JB, Knudsen JT. High-fiber diet
reduces bleeding and pain in patients with hemorrhoids. Dis Colon Rectum
1982;25:454–6.
14. Wichtl M. Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceuticals. Boca Raton,
FL: CRC Press, 1994, 268–70.
15. Nini G, Di Cicco CO. Controlled clinical evaluation of a new
anti-hemorrhoid drug, using a completely randomized experimental plan. Clin Ther
1978;86:545–59 [in Italian].